World History hw essay2 - 2316 Words

Korey Neal Dr. Eric Mayer World History to 1500-51337 February 24, 2015 Rise of Civilizations Egypt and Mesopotamia were two civilizations existing during the time period of 2000-1200 BCE. These civilizations were shaped by their environment, involved with trade, and faced changes in government after the 100 year drought; however, they differed in that Egypt was shaped by the Nile, traded goods for goods and changed their outlook on the pharaoh who was ruler of all; whereas, Mesopotamia was shaped by the Tigris and Euphrates, traded money for goods, and had a ruler over rulers. It is undeniable that the natural environment of ancient Mesopotamia had a profound effect on the earliest civilizations known to the world. Humankind’s ability†¦show more content†¦Wandering groups of people happened to come upon this fertile land. The warm temperatures allowed a permanent civilization to begin. Mesopotamia is a region which has a huge variety of geography combined into one expanse of land. There are rivers, valleys, mountains, floodplains, deserts, and marshes splotch ed around the region. Mesopotamia was known in antiquity as a seat of learning, and it is believed that Thales of Miletus (known as the first philosopher) studied there. As the Babylonians believed that water was the first principle from which all else flowed, and as Thales is famous for that very claim, it seems probable he studied in the region. Intellectual pursuits were highly valued across the region, and the schools (devoted primarily to the priestly class) were said to be as numerous as temples and taught reading, writing, religion, law, medicine, and astrology. Men and women both worked, and because ancient Mesopotamia was fundamentally an agrarian society, the principal occupations were growing crops and raising livestock. Other occupations included those of the scribe, the healer, artisan, weaver, potter, shoemaker, fisherman, teacher, and priest or priestess. The temple, at the center of every city (often on a raised platform), symbolized the importance of the cityâ€℠¢s patron deity who would also be worshipped by whatever communities that city presided over. Mesopotamia gave birth to the

What Makes Zing Toys - 1741 Words

Zeebeez are a fun children’s toy that many may drop onto the ground and have fun watching it bounce right back up to them. Zeebeez was created by the company Zing Toys in 2011. The founder of Zeebeez is Steve Walterscheid, who is also the owner of Zing Toys. Zing Toys was created in 2007, and the founders of this toy company are Steve Walterscheid and Pete Cummings. Zing Toys is a widely known toy company, located in Portland, Oregon, throughout the world. It creates many different products for children entertainment. However, Zing Toys did not come up with the first toy that bounces back up when one drops it. Norman Stingley invented the rubber ball in 1965. He compacted rubber together under very high pressure and as a result, the rubber bounced back up fairly high. This is said to be the first creation of a rubber bouncing ball. A Zeebeez is a fun lasting toy for children to play with. Despite the fact that it may seem like a simple kid’s toy, the science behind what makes this toy work is very complicated. The Zeebeez is made from silicone, which one can activate by firmly pressing the center of the toy to turn inside out. Then, one can drop it on the ground and watch it bounce/pop right back up. When activating the Zeebeez (turning it inside out) elastic potential energy is involved. Then when the Zeebeez hits the floor, it causes it to go back to its original position, giving the Zeebeez the energy it needs to bounce exceeding the height in which it was dropped.Show MoreRelatedBlue Pelican JavaExercise Quiz Test Keysby83928 Words   |  594 Pagesâ€Å"skeleton† of a program. 2. Write a line of code that will cause the word Hello to be printed. 3. Consider the following code: System.out.print(â€Å"Fire†); System.out.println(â€Å" Ants†); Which of the following is actually printed? a. Fire Ants b. Fire Ants 4. What is the syntax for indicating that a line of text is not Java code; rather, it is a rem? Answers 1-2 Key to Quiz on Lesson 1 1. Create the â€Å"skeleton† of a program. public class Tester { public static void main(String args[]) { } } 2. Write a line

Relevance and Application within Legitimacy Theory in Accounting

Question: How do Social Contracts Relevance and Application within Legitimacy Theory in Accounting? Answer: Introduction This report is aimed to explore the theory of legitimacy in the financial accounting system. In the past years, it has been seen companies were more focused on the profit earning theory and they only want to improve their performance to earn more profit (Omran and Ramdhony, 2015). However, this sole cause has lead to many social and environmental challenges like avoidance of environmental concerns which has caused pollution in the environment and poor waste management in case of industrial operation that has polluted the drinking water. Along with this, the community related poor services like child labour, discrimination and other public issues. These all examples are the real facts that have been seen in the past years. On the other hand, after much retaliation, struggle and opposition today society and environment is an important and integral part of business operation that cannot be ignored anymore in an international level (Omran and Ramdhony, 2015). Strict rules and regulation with an approach to make it a big deal for the reputed companies has highlighted the social contract and legitimacy theory to a new level. In this report, relation between social contract and legitimacy theory regarding financial accounting has been discussed to outline the importance of society expectation in the legitimacy theory. Furthermore, the application of the legitimacy theory in the organisations financial account reporting has also been demonstrated in this study. It will give a brief about the theory of legitimacy and degree of legitimacy within the theory and its application (Mullerat, 2010). It will precisely illustrate the significance of fair and true view in the legitimacy theory with the side effects of portray legitimacy theory concept. Thus, this study overall elucidates the relation of legitimacy theory with the social contract and articulating its application in the financial organisation of an organisation. Social Contracts Relevance and Application within Legitimacy Theory in Accounting German Advisory Council on Global Changes, (2011) highlights that legitimacy theory, stakeholders theory and institutional theory are system orientation theories, and these theories are aimed to operate the system of the organisation with the societal values. It examines the role of disclosure and information in the connection between organisation individual states and groups. These theories are very powerful element that pronounces organisational impact on society as well as social impact on organisations in which it operates. In this system, the organisations have several social associations with community and groups that are stakeholders and other public. The stakeholders of the company entail employees, shareholders, interested groups, investors, the public, consumer, industrial bodies, supplier, government and media. All the above theories are also related with and derived from the political economic theory. The political, social and economical framework and aspects that covers the human lives is called as the political economy (German Advisory Council on Global Changes, 2011). In addition to this, the corporate financial reports are the matter related to exchange between environment and organisation plus it cannot be considered as unbiased and neutral. The political economy theory is of two kinds that are bourgeois and classical. Classical theory of political economy is associated with Marx work; it discusses the structure conflicts, class interests, the role of the states and inequality issue. The financial accounting disclosures and reports are intended to manage a good outlook of an organisation by articulating favoured position to the stakeholders by maintaining the control of diminutive resources (German Advisory Council on Global Changes, 2011). Classic theory also focuses on the societys structural conflict. On the other hand, Laan, (2009) narrates that bourgeois theory of political economy is relationship between the groups in an important pluralistic world which includes the theory of legitimacy as well. Legitimacy theory is one of the most implemented theories around the world. It includes all the activities which are taken by the organisation to mark their operations as legitimate. The organisations operate within the societal norms and bounds according to their respective societies prospective. The societys expectation including its norms and bounds are dynamic in nature and thus, the structure system of the organisations also needs to be responsive in nature. It can be used to assists the view on voluntary disclosures which examines the reason to choose it (Laan, 2009). These theories are mainly used by the organisations to manipulate and articulate the relationship between social system and organisation in terms of accounting disclosures. Legitimacy is the status that an organisat ion tries to achieve with the integration of value system which is accepted by the society. It is simple proving the process and operations of an organisation being valid and legal in front of society. It is also based on a notion that ensures the agreement between the society and organisation. It is very contradictory in the nature, as what is operated and functions in the organisation is not that essential but what is communicated to the society is considered as important for the legitimacy aspect (Laan, 2009). The financial and operations information disclosure is being significantly used to enter into corporate legitimacy. As per Dushi and Brdufi, (2015) legitimacy theory can be defined as fellowship of social norms, belief and attitude in the organisation to take the social validation and for the survival of the business. The organisation and society has an agreement which states that the business operation should be performed under the focus of social desires and expectations in exchange of rewards and objectives of an organisation. This contract helps an organisation in continuous survival of the company without any external social hurdles. Furthermore, it guarantees an organisation in supplying social benefits which are only enjoyed by firms that incorporates the corporate social responsibility and corporate governance in the organisation (Dushi and Brdufi, 2015). In this theory organisation assumes that the companys existence is depended on the societys expectations and validations which also affects the value system of the organisation. It has been assumed that business or any organisation do not have an inherent right over the natural resources or community resources either. Thus, it is the burden on organisation to fulfil the societal expectations and operate the business activities according to social values, norms and perceptions organisation (Dushi and Brdufi, 2015). In addition to this, the social contract is the integral part of the legitimacy theory; it is the conformity from the economic, legal and social aspect from the public side. Besides that, Mousa and Hassan, (2015) reports that the social contract within the legitimacy theory is being described in two ways implicit and explicit expectation of the society according to which an organisation should conduct its business. The explicit expectation of society involves the legal requirement which is essential for the survival of the company, whereas rest of the expectation comes into the implicit expectations. In the earlier times, the increment of the performance was measured by the profit maximisation of the organisations. Now, public has changed their perceptions and views, they are more likely to look after the social, human and environmental issues which should be handled by the organisations (Mousa and Hassan, 2015). In other words, the social contract is an agreement that defines that entire resources that is utilised by the organisations in its operations are not their legal or inherent right to use. It is being allowed by the society by approving their op eration and employs their community and natural resources by exchanging it with the implementation of social norms and bounds in the organisation (Mansell, 2013). Whereas, the community and natural resources are denoted with the labour, land and every resource that is draw on by the organisation to create the finished goods and services offered to the customers. Therefore, social contract is a concept that helps in augmenting the social values and consent to organisation for continuous survival with benefit from social and environmental resources as well. Social contract is essential for the prior assurance of environmental and social aspect in the operations of the company. It helps in economic, political and social aspect of the organisation (Mousa and Hassan, 2015). The political changes do not affect a company if it is bound with the social norms and values. It acts as protection for the organisations. On the other words, Islam, (2014) identifies that significance of legitimacy theory is very vast and once the organisation is being accepted by the public, it achieves the sustainability in the market. The legitimacy theory ensures the longevity of the organisation by providing crucial resources and many benefits in the legal aspects. The foremost advantage is to provide the surety of legal compliances in the operations which is not doubted by any of the stakeholders. Legitimacy facilitates transparency and clarity in the financial reporting plus financial status of the company. Moreover, it also increases credibility of the organisations operations which helps them in generating capital easily plus establishing new relationship with partners and business financiers (Islam, 2014). The theory also helps in improving the relationship between the stakeholders of the company with the top level management. Incorporating the legitimacy theory gives insight of environmental and social issue s that apprehend the knowledge of public. Precisely, it also helps company to attain the competitive advantage as it also integrates the innovation and creativity in the business operations of the organisation. In addition to this, it increases reputation of the organisation and market position in the market with every attempt to collaboration with the social contract in the companies operation. Legitimacy basically influences the values of organisation with impacts the organisational culture and structure entirely. Thus, it can be seen that it is very helpful in creating a positive and energetic environment in the organisational surroundings (Islam, 2014). It encourages an organisation for the future development and growth in the market. Schaltegger, et al. (2008) explores that it has been observed that the society allows an organisation to be valid until the organisation is operating to satisfy the expectation of the society. And meeting with that requirement is often considered as legitimacy. When an organisation fails to continue the legitimacy due to scarcity of the resources or legal restrictions on operations, the support of the society become difficult to gain and recover. Thus, the solution for the organisation it left with them is to pretend the legitimacy in the operations of the organisation. However, the difficulties in coping up with the social expectations are because of capricious expectations by the community and groups (Schaltegger, et al., 2008). The adaptation and changing management process with the dynamic variables in the expectation leads to failure of compilation. The other reason of failure of performance is the deviation from societys expectation. The community expectations are a matter of d isclosure which organisations failed to convey. Sometimes, the previous unknown information is being revealed or comes into the light via media that encourages the organisation to portray the different picture of the financial accounting in the market (Schaltegger, et al., 2008). This is called as organisation shadow, when some old details that hamper the reputation of organisation, which is responsible for the legitimacy by make public believe that their operations are legitimate whether its true or not. In the opinion of Idowu and Filho, (2009) legitimacy are often expounded in three phases that is gaining the legitimacy phase, maintaining legitimacy phase and repairing (defending) the lost legitimacy phase. The gaining legitimacy phase has a liability of being innovative while pursuing business operations. The communication is the key to make the society believe that organisation is integrating the social expectations and are committed to the social norms and bounds. The community and societal acceptance will only be decided with the effective communication in the gaining legitimacy phase. In case of maintaining legitimacy phase, this is the phase where organisations should track down the changing and new perception and needs of society and community (Idowu and Filho, 2009). The maintenance is related with the continuity and determined towards what you are doing already. Thus, the organisation should also perpetually follow the changes and trend with the social expectations. It als o encourages the organisation to involve more and more on the trade on its legitimacy. It is very important for the organisation to make people believe on their commitment and communicate on the social value persistently which is necessary to be assembled in the operations. The last is the repairing stage that suggests regaining of the legitimacy which is a reactive process of invisible and unanticipated challenges. The expectation of society is being incorporated or communicated by implementing newness in the operations and application of damaged control in the previous mistakes or exposure should be made (Omran and El-Galfy, 2014). This phase is fully related with the researches that are being made to legitimacy theory. As per the view of Unerman, et al. (2010) it has also been seen that legitimacy can be considered of limited use and with time it has to be abandoned. It has been researched that it creates over burden for an organisation to survive in a threat of social consequences. And the expectations are not at all static which makes it a complex process. In the previous times, it was realised in the case of a tobacco manufacturer case in Australia in the Tilling and Tilts research in 2010. Therefore, it can be assumed that legitimacy is not an appropriate approach to deal with the market challenges. Sometimes over burden of the expectation neglects the legitimising efforts and destroys many good and growing firms. Apart from this, it also pushes organisation to follow the unethical attempts to just being accepted by the society. The main reason of this stage of loss attempt is increment in the legitimacy gap (Unerman, et al., 2010). Legitimacy gap is related with the behaviour or actual action of the organisation synchronised with the social expectations. It has been found that the social expectation are ever changing concept and it the organisation does not contend with the same speed of time, it creates a gap between the organisations actions and expectations of the society. Along with this, social gap persuade management to pretend the falseness in the accounts and operation just to validate the social support. The gap of the legitimacy arises and the legitimate facts of the organisations behaviour disappear (Unerman, et al., 2010). It cause huge trouble after the revealing the past information by the media or researchers. According to Bhattacharyya (2015), when any organisation failed to attempt the legitimacy theory incorporation in the organisations operation, many consequences occurs that can impede the survival or existence of an organisation. In other words, society lose interest from the business activities of the organisation which results in the minimisation of demand of the products and services offered by the firm, lose of labour and low applicants for new jobs and hiring. Furthermore, it may loss in the capital by expenses of the losses from the law suits or fulfilling legal requirements (Bhattacharyya, 2015). In addition to this, the organisation fails to secure his market position in the competitive stage which also causes the loss of reputation and credibility of the company. The lost credibility influences the investment and related parties that adds capital to the organisations. Investors, banks, loan providers and financers do not rely on the organisations intensions and refuse to fin ance or invest the organisation. Therefore, it can be felt by the above discussion that legitimacy is prime aspect that can save the resources of the company. Not only, it guaranteed the existence of the organisation, but also it ensures the public support and legal support to the company (Bhattacharyya, 2015). Apart from this, Songini, et al. (2013) describes that the legitimacy is only related with majority of the peoples belief and accepted values. Thus, it can be modified and altered according to the management of the organisation. The only concern should be related with make people understand what is being communicated to them. It has also been suggested by Dowling and Pfeffer, that when the legitimacy is being threatened, there are three steps which can be undertaken by the organisations as follows: Legitimacy can be communicated by evincing the goals, methods, output and objectives of the organisation according to the social expectation The current practice of procurement of goals, values and output is being communicated in such a way that changes the interpretation towards the social legitimacy (Songini, et al., 2013) Legitimacy should be concept that is used with symbols and values in the organisation which should be attempted via articulation These steps are in order to gain the legitimacy for the first time. The social contract and binding should be articulated with the newness in an attempt to show public about the intentions of the company and their obligation towards community and the environment challenges. This theory is also being used to maintain the legitimacy in the organisation and benefit with resources provided by the society. This theory will help the firm in survival and even being competitive in the market pressures (Songini, et al., 2013). Along with this, Hayek, (2013) explains that Lindblom has also illustrated some strategies that might be adopted and integrated in the business operations by the managers, if legitimacy is threatened in the below discussion: Every change that may or may not occur as an attempt to establish the social contract should be informed and enunciated by educating the community properly The perception should be focused to implement the legitimacy and not necessarily behaviour (Hayek, 2013) The issue or damaged problems should be covered by manipulating the perception and diverting it to some new issue which is not related with the legitimacy or social contract aspect The legal or external expectations should be changes or should be communicated to the relevant public as a portray to be changed This theory has two important words that are relevant public and portray. The relevant public is the targeted audience which can be influenced easily by the organisation and management (Hayek, 2013). The communication tactics is the only principle to handle the social expectation in this regard. Nevertheless, portray is to make people believe that organisation is making efforts and giving outputs according to the expectations. These strategies are related with the public disclosures of information which is one of the most paramount aspects (Hayek, 2013). Lastly, Bather, and Tucker, (2011) illustrates that application of legitimacy theory has some points that should be kept in mind while incorporating the concept of social contract. The time parameter of the behaviour in an attempt to execute the legitimacy practices is very essential. The social expectation and organisations behaviour should support on changes is very necessary keeping the time in view. The legitimacy gap can cause problem and encourage the organisation to portray the social norms and bounds in the operations. Although, this theory is very materialistic and only communication is the tool to influence the potential public, yet ethical value is what which can stay long and prosper the organisations business. The consideration of environmental as well as community challenges should be endeavour with an aim to solve the global problem that can help the organisation to integrate social contract in the organisation. The objectives and goals of the organisations can also be depending on the legitimacy theory and with an aim to improve the social relationship with the community and environment as well. The strategies of the legitimacy are full of contradiction and its framework is very complex (Bather, and Tucker, 2011). There is a very little difference in the manipulation of facts or opportunity to influence public with effective communication skills to decisive. Organisational standards and norms should be complied with the social requirements that create interest of public in creating good reputation and image of the organisation. It can also be repeated again, that social contract is between organisation and society; therefore it is up to organisation how it manipulates the social expectation and its impact on the growth and development of the organisation. Besides that, the legitimacy theory can be applied to any of the operation and in a very creative ways. It will give liberty to the management to operate its operation smoothly with a little ef fort. Compliance of social norms and attempts to make it legitimate is not tough, if the business is based on the standards, policies and ethics (Bather, and Tucker, 2011). Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be inferred that social contract is an integral part of the legitimacy theory. Legitimacy theory is managing the social norms and values in the operation of the organisation, to ensure the survival of the company. Moreover social contract is the agreement between the organisation and society which states that the resources used by the organisation are not belong to them inherently. In the favour of utilising the community and natural resources such as raw material of the product, land, labour, waste and every physical asset the organisation should consider the interest of public and environment issues. It has been concluded from the literature that there are various benefits that can offer development and growth to the organisation. More than this, it helps the organisation to attain the competitive advantage and build good reputation among competitors. However, social expectations are an ever changing process that can create legitimacy gap if not wa tched closely. The legitimacy gap causes the failure in attempt to cope up the changes. It hampers the existence or survival of the organisation and many legal challenges resulting in financial losses. The strategies and Dowling steps to handle the failure and application of legitimacy will help the organisation to implement the legitimacy theory in the operations of the organisation. References Bather, A. and Tucker, R. 2011. Legitimacy Theory and a Compliance Analysis of Tescos 2008 Business Review. International Review of Business Research Papers 7(2), pp. 137-156. Bhattacharyya, A. 2015. Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility in an Emerging Economy: Through the Lens of Legitimacy Theory. Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal 9(2). Dushi, D., and Brdufi, N. 2015. Social Contract and the Governments Legitimacy. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 6(6), pp. 392-398. German Advisory Council on Global Changes. 2011. A social contract for sustainability. [Online] Available at: https://www.wbgu.de/fileadmin/user_upload/wbgu.de/templates/dateien/veroeffentlichungen/factsheets/fs2011-fs1/wbgu_fs1_2011_en.pdf [Accessed On: 21 May 2017]. Hayek, F. A. 2013. Law, Legislation and Liberty: A New Statement of the Liberal Principles of Justice and Political Economy. Routledge. Idowu, S. O., and Filho, W. L. 2009. Professionals ? Perspectives of Corporate Social Responsibility. Springer Science Business Media. Islam, M. A. 2014. Social Compliance Accounting: Managing Legitimacy in Global Supply Chains, CSR, Sustainability, Ethics Governance. Springer. Laan, S. 2009. The Role of Theory in Explaining Motivation for Corporate Social Disclosures: Voluntary Disclosures vs Solicited Disclosures. Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal 3(4), pp. 15-29. Mansell, S. F. 2013. Capitalism, Corporations and the Social Contract: A Critique of Stakeholder Theory. Cambridge University Press. Mousa1, G. A., and Hassan, N. T. 2015. Legitimacy Theory and Environmental Practices: Short Notes. International Journal of Business and Statistical Analysis 2(1), pp. 41-53. Mullerat, R. 2010. International Corporate Social Responsibility: The Role of Corporations in the Economic Order of the 21st Century. Kluwer Law International. Omran, M. A., and El-Galfy, A. M. 2014. Theoretical perspectives on corporate disclosure: a criticalevaluation and literature survey. Asian Review of Accounting 22(3), pp. 257 286. Omran, M. A., and Ramdhony, D. 2015. Theoretical Perspectives on Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: A Critical Review. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 5(2), pp. 38-55. Schaltegger, S., et al. 2008. Environmental Management Accounting for Cleaner Production. Springer Science Business Media. Songini, L., et al. 2013. Accounting and Control for Sustainability. Emerald Group Publishing. Unerman, J., et al. 2010. Sustainability Accounting and

Othello Essay Research Paper Honesty is one free essay sample

Othello Essay, Research Paper Honesty is one of the most of import factors in Othello. Although there is really small honestness in the drama the term is most normally put to Iago, who besides happens to be the most dishonorable character in Othello. Due partially to the other characters naivet, Iago is capable of pull stringsing, brainwashing, and modeling the other characters to fulfill his demand for retaliation against Othello. Iago would most normally be referred to as dishonest, nevertheless beyond that he is besides downright amoral and uses other s failings to pull strings them into making what he pleases. From the really get downing we see how Iago manipulates Roderigo by feigning he is looking out for his best involvements in the affair of Othello s elopement with Desdemona. He makes Barbantio angry with Othello and Desdemona by stating him about their elopement so lying about the consummation of their relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello Essay Research Paper Honesty is one or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He so leaves Roderigo to take duty for Iago s actions. In the interim he goes off to inform Othello that Roderigo is accountable for stating Barbantio about the relationship and stating atrocious things about Othello. Iago subsequently brings Roderigo back into his quest for retaliation when he tries to acquire Cassio fired from the place that Iago originally wished to obtain. Although Cassio knows it is against his better opinion to imbibe, Iago manipulates him into acquiring rummy so stages a battle between Roderigo and Cassio. He even goes every bit far as to seek to do Cassio look bad by stating Montano that he gets intoxicated on a regular basis. Upon Iago s account of the state of affairs Othello quickly fires Cassio from his place and Iago becomes more respected in Othello s eyes. Roderigo is a premier illustration of how Iago uses people to carry through his desires. Iago convinces Roderigo that he could win Desdemona s love off from Othello and the lone adult male that stan ds in the manner is Cassio. In this manner when he plans to mortify Cassio it seems as if he is making it to assist out Roderigo when, in actuality, he is seeking retaliation on Cassio for taking his place. One of the chief grounds Iago is so successful at pull stringsing others is because they are excessively transparent to recognize that he is taking advantage of them. Cassio still comes to Iago for advice after Iago rats him out and gets him fired. He still trusts him plenty to inquire for advice on how to acquire his occupation back, the really occupation that Iago is responsible for doing him lose. When Iago gives him this advice he is thankful and confident in Iago s honestness. You advise me good ( 2.3, line 320 ) Iago is so underhand he even manages to pull strings his married woman into dishonesty. He incorporates Emily s engagement into his program to do Othello leery of Cassio and Desdemona s relationship. He besides continuously tries to convince Emily to steal the hankie Othello gave to Desdemona. And when Desdemona drops the handkerchief Emily gives it to Iago without prosecuting what he was traveling to utilize it for. Iago is really clearly fallacious and underhand. He talks about people behind their dorsums on more than one juncture and sometimes negotiations about them to their faces. When Cassio foremost comes to state Othello that Barbantio and several soldiers are looking for him Othello goes into the house go forthing Iago and Cassio outside together. Iago instantly seizes this chance and Tells Cassio that Othello is kiping with Desdemona. Although Iago gives Othello the feeling that he is on his side when Barbantio, Roderigo, and the guards find Othello Iago says, Roderigo! I am for you ( 1.2, line 59 ) . Subsequently when Roderigo looks to Iago for advice Iago comes off as a lovingness friend and every bit shortly as he leaves he begins dissing him and noticing on his stupidity. However, the characters do non look to detect Iago s dishonesty. On the contrary, they praise him for being so honest. Iago pushes the thought of him being an honest adult male to the point where he brainwashes others into believing he is honorable so uses it to his advantage. When plotting to interrupt up a happy matrimony or seeking retaliation on others he uses phrases such every bit, As honest as I am, and in the earnestness of love and honest kindness. None of these phrases portray the true feelings of Iago. In fact in Act I scene I he tells Roderigo of how merely a fool Acts of the Apostless honest and he suggests seting oneself before honestness, which is precisely what he does. Others begin to see Iago as an honest adult male, particularly Othello. He is described by Othello as a chap of transcending honestness, Cassio claims to neer hold met a Florentine so sort and honest. Desdemona tells Emily that Iago is an honorable adult male and Othello feels that his honestness and love doth mince the affair of Cassio s being fired. In fact, Othello tells the governor that Iago is a adult male of hon estness and trust and even puts his married woman in Iago s custodies while he is off. Iago uses this trust to his advantage. He holds me good, the better shall my purpose work on him ( 1.3, lines 391-392 ) Iago uses Othello s trust to demand avenge upon him for non giving him the occupation he wanted and kiping with his married woman, which was really an improbable rumour that hadn T been proved. Other characters in the drama are non wholly honest. Desdemona does non state her male parent about her elopement with Othello, and Roderigo is ever seeking to steal Desdemona off from Othello. However, no 1 is as dishonest, amoral, and downright corrupt as Iago. Yet, curiously plenty, Iago is praised for his honestness far more than any other character. Which shows the naivet of

How to Make a Smoke Bomb With Ping Pong Balls

How to Make a Smoke Bomb With Ping Pong Balls Its easy to make a smoke bomb! You dont even need any fancy chemicals, like potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate. Heres how to use a ping pong ball to make a smoke bomb.   Ping Pong Smoke Bomb Materials Each ping pong ball makes one smoke bomb. You will need: ping pong ballaluminum foilpencillighter Assemble the Smoke Bomb Start by poking a hole in one side of a ping pong ball.Keep working at the hole until its large enough to insert the pencil into it. Put the pencil in the ping pong ball.Wrap aluminum foil around the ball and the pencil. Dont completely cover the pencil. What youre doing is making a nozzle for the smoke, so work an inch or two up the pencil.Remove the pencil. The ball plus foil is your finished smoke bomb!Take the smoke bomb outside and use a lighter flame to heat the foil on the bottom of the ping pong ball until smoke starts to come out of the nozzle. Set the smoke bomb on the ground and enjoy the show! How a Ping Pong Smoke Bomb Works You may not have realized it, but ping pong balls are made of nitrocellulose the same chemical used to make flash paper and the one that causes old movie reels to burst into flame. Ping pong balls are stable, though, and wont burn unless a heat source is applied. You may wish to burn a ping pong ball to see whats happening inside the smoke bomb: How To Burn a Ping Pong Ball (safely) If you burn a ping pong ball in the open, it produces some smoke, but not as much as youll get if you cover the ball to control the amount of oxygen and thus the rate of combustion. Making a spout or nozzle to control the incoming air and outgoing smoke also improves the smoke bomb. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

How To Design a Science Fair Experiment

How To Design a Science Fair Experiment A good science fair experiment applies the scientific method to answer a question or test an effect. Follow these steps to design an experiment that follows the approved procedure for science fair projects. State an Objective Science fair projects start with a purpose or objective. Why are you studying this? What do you hope to learn? What makes this topic interesting? An objective is a brief statement of the goal of an experiment, which you can use to help narrow down choices for a hypothesis. Propose a Testable Hypothesis The hardest part of experimental design may be the first step, which is deciding what to test and proposing a hypothesis you can use to build an experiment. You could state the hypothesis as an if:  If plants are not given light, then they will not grow. You could state a null or no: There is no difference in the size of beans soaked in water compared with beans soaked in saltwater. The key to formulating a good science fair hypothesis is to make sure you have the ability to test it, record data, and draw a conclusion. Compare these two hypotheses and decide which you could test: Cupcakes sprinkled with colored sugar are better than plain frosted cupcakes. People  are more likely to choose cupcakes sprinkled with colored sugar than plain frosted cupcakes. Once you have an idea for an experiment, it often helps to write out several different versions of a hypothesis and select the one that works best for you. See  Hypothesis Examples Identify the Independent, Dependent, and Control Variable To draw a valid conclusion from your experiment, you ideally want to test the effect of changing one factor, while holding all other factors constant or unchanged. There are several possible variables in an experiment, but be sure to identify the big three: independent, dependent, and control variables. The independent variable is the one you manipulate or change to test its effect on the dependent variable. Controlled variables are other factors in your experiment you try to control or hold constant. For example, lets say your hypothesis is: Duration of daylight has no effect on how long a cat sleeps. Your independent variable is duration of daylight (how many hours of daylight the cat sees). The dependent variable is how long the cat sleeps per day. Controlled variables might include amount of exercise and cat food supplied to the cat, how often it is disturbed, whether or not other cats are present, the approximate age of cats that are tested, etc. Perform Enough Tests Consider an experiment with the hypothesis: If you toss a coin, there is an equal chance of it coming up heads or tails. That is a nice, testable hypothesis, but you cant draw any sort of valid conclusion from a single coin toss. Neither are you likely to get enough data from 2-3 coin tosses, or even 10. Its important to have a large enough sample size that your experiment isnt overly influenced by randomness. Sometimes this means you need to perform a test multiple times on a single subject or small set of subjects. In other cases, you may want to gather data from a large, representative sample of population. Gather the Right Data There are two main types of data: qualitative and quantitative data. Qualitative data describes a quality, such as red/green, more/less, yes/no. Quantitative data is recorded as a number. If you can, gather quantitative data because its much easier to analyze using mathematical tests. Tabulate or Graph the Results Once you have recorded your data, report it in a table and/or graph. This visual representation of the data makes it easier for you to see patterns or trends and makes your science fair project more appealing to other students, teachers, and judges. Test the Hypothesis Was the hypothesis accepted or rejected? Once you make this determination, ask yourself whether you met the objective of the experiment or whether further study is needed. Sometimes an experiment doesnt work out the way you expect. You may accept the experiment or decide to conduct a new experiment, based on what you learned. Draw a Conclusion Based on the experience you gained from the experiment and whether you accepted or rejected the hypothesis, you should be able to draw some conclusions about your subject. You should state these in your report.

A comparison of Still Lifes by Paul Cezanne and Francisco de Zurbran Essay

A comparison of Still Lifes by Paul Cezanne and Francisco de Zurbran - Essay Example Most impressionist paintings were done out of doors, many depicting scenes from everyday life, often with several figures and using bright, vibrant colors, and without any emphasis upon exact details. This is more unusually is an indoor scene and a still life, but there are still the bright colors and the lack of exact detail. It is exactly what it was meant to be – an impression of a kitchen scene. The items are very casually laid out, on what appears to be a kitchen table, almost with the appearance of being thrown down, and the background looks as if the artist has used it to clean his brushes, including as it does tiny amounts of many different colors, yet at the same time the viewer is able to distinguish exactly just what is being depicted as clearly as in the much more formal and realistic work earlier work by Zurbà ¡ran. Impressionism was not abstract art.

Discuss the political significance of shifting structural (economic, Research Paper

Discuss the political significance of shifting structural (economic, cultural, social, demographic) trends in Texas - Research Paper Example When examining the interactions that interconnect economic outcomes and decision making politically, we are studying structural trends and political economy. Therefore, this paper will discuss the political significance of shifting structural (economic, cultural, social, demographic) trend in Texas. Political economy The economy creates a significant context in understanding of Texas’ political culture. It can assist in the shaping of the political culture. The economy’s development can shape certain political stereotypes and perceptions-and the society’s various sectors. With much involvement of the government in the economy, economic actors from private sectors have every reason to get involved in political participation to become actors in politics (Gutierrez 217). Since the earlier settlement improved by oil production and land grants boosted by state law to the technology backed by the government in the past two decades, the government has been protecting an d promoting state economic interests. It has happened so with the positive participation of political representatives of the interests. This marriage of politics and business has been successful in the Texas government’s council. ... The stability of the marriage of politics and business stands on pragmatism of both the result and the cause of the state’s booming economic history. In Texas, the culture has created entrepreneurial politicians and giants of savvy entrepreneurs, the government has made and protected businesses and established industries with incentives, exemptions, state contracts and subsidies during both wicked and good economic times (Mayer 265).The resulting distortions and inefficiencies in the economy’ structure and negligence of public interests have hindered a diversified development of a modern economy. The in-come tax absence, the reluctance to set a side funds for the delivery of education and social services have distorted the state’s growth and development. With the agreement that the government’s business is to uplift business, it has been constant throughout the history of the state, the public services delivery like public health and education has been pre sent despite constitutional and legal mandate. It is no surprise that the link between the economy and government is political and occupied by the influence of well-financed and well-organized private interests. It is too unsurprising that state governments perpetuate efforts to deriver public services that might raise the state of Texas amongst other states. The interaction patterns between the policy makers and the economic interests in the â€Å"reduced services, low taxes â€Å"government dominance to both the broader body politics and government halls (Mayer 205). Business leaders, such as political leaders and several voters saw government income tax as beyond the reasonable realm. As a result, the state services provision remains low because the money to fund them is little.

Language structure and stage devices Essay Example for Free

Language structure and stage devices Essay A View from the Bridge is still relevant to a contemporary audience. Discuss this in relation to Millers use of language, structure and stage devices; showing how they are used dramatic effect.  Miller intended the play to be a modern version of a Greek tragedy and even though Miller set the play in a specific time and a specific place it still resembles that of a Greek tragedy. Miller has inputted a bit of him self into the play as the play is also based on his personal experiences. He confronts the audience with a situation which we know the outcome of, due to the timeless structure also used in Greek theatre. A View from the Bridge is and always will be relevant to todays events, society and happenings because of its Greek theatre influence, using very strong morals and timeless themes. Such as: Love, Betrayal, Hate, Jealousy, honor, and Identity, Which are maneuvered in and out of the play.  In the opening section of the play Miller sets the scene in Red Hook, the slum that faces the bay on the seaward side of Brooklyn Bridge, portraying to the audience the areas personality. Miller manages this to a fine art, as he visited and worked in Brooklyn as a ship-fitter and therefore knew the area and its surrounding people well. While in Brooklyn, he heard a story from a lawyer friend which was of a longshoreman who had snitched to the immigration bureau on two brothers who were living illegally in his home just to stop an engagement between one of them and his niece. This story is where he got most of his ideas from. Due to this he was able to describe through his use of language all the events so they have a realistic feel which could make the reader feel like it could have been set in todays society. The broken English used in the play, as a device, shows how uneducated the characters are but also how identifiable they are with people in society today. Words missing or words abbreviated, using an apostrophe, show this. They been pullin this since the Immigration Law was put in! They grab a green kid that dont know nothin', this broken speech is still direct and can be understood but still shows how the character feels. The language is used, like in Greek theatre, to also describe the settings with quite some precision. The devices Miller uses can also communicate to the audience what speech cannot. Furthermore, the language Miller uses combined with the stage devices he uses can communicate something completely different. For example: when Eddie is teaching Rodolfo to box and there is overlapping dialogue from Beatrice and Catherine which builds a lot of tension from I dont want to hit you, Eddie to No, no, he didnt hurt me., (Page 41) after the climax is reached when Eddie punches Rodolfo. The overlapping dialogue is meant to show confusion and a build up of tension to when Eddie hits Rodolfo. Although the overlapping speech builds up tension the audience knew that this would happen. Another example of language or even the lack of language and dialogue being used as a dramatic device is while Marco is lifting the chair (page 42). This is all done through language being used as a dramatic device. Here, is all that Marco says, the rest is communicated by his actions as he wants to communicate to Eddie what he cannot say aloud. He transforms what might appear like a glare of warning into a smile of triumph, and Eddies grin vanishes as he absorbs his look, this still has the intended impact that Marco wanted on Eddie without speech involved. This is very similar to what might have been used in Greek theatre, using acting and stage devices instead of language. Even today in every day life we do the same, using physical actions instead of words. Miller uses a lot of different techniques and devices to portray different ideas to the audience, to create meaning and make them understand. The stage devices Miller uses create meaning for the audience and reveal subtext, showing the inner feelings of the characters. For example: the phone booth glowing (Act 2, page 49), A phone booth begins to glow on the opposite side of the stage; a faint, lonely blue. Eddie stands up, jaws clenched, this reveals an amount of subtext to the audience showing them that Eddie is thinking of phoning the Immigration Bureau. The revealed subtext is also showing us that Eddie is feeling angered and is trying to hold back on something, causing more tension. Another example of language being used as a dramatic device is while Eddie is taking cheep shots at Rodolfo making out that he is homosexual with the dramatic devices before and after the comments, using a newspaper as his prop. (He has been unconsciously twisting the newspaper into a tight roll. They are all regarding him now; he senses he is exposing the issue and he is driven on.)I would be someplace else. I would be like in a dress store. (He has bent the rolled paper and it suddenly tears in two.

Piracy in the Media Essay -- Technology Music Entertainment Papers

Piracy in the Media In today’s technological age and consumer-driven economy, it is not a surprise that media piracy is a big business. It is estimated that in one year $12.4 billion worth of business is stolen from original manufacturers by media pirating. Piracy, the illegal copying or counterfeiting of copyrighted material, is a major problem for a vast range of industries (Ang, 2001). For example, just in the recorded music industry, â€Å"music pirates account for almost $300 million in lost record sales annually in the United States† (Gray Zone, 2002), and that is just in the U.S. More is lost in foreign markets. This not only affects the media manufacturers but also the consumers of the media. They become the victims of piracy that ultimately result in the driving up of prices of legitimate products. Distributors and retailers have been affected, too. Nearly forty percent of the retail market’s business has been stolen (Gray Zone, 2002). Before we begin discussing the piracy of music, television, and motion pictures, it is important to understand what exactly piracy and counterfeiting is and the laws that prohibit them. Counterfeits, referred to as pirated media, are defined as â€Å"reproduced copies that are identical to the legitimate articles including packaging, trademarks, and labeling† (Ang, 2001). To protect the creators of original material from being pirated, laws were formed known as copyright laws. A copyright is â€Å"a protection that covers published and published literary, scientific and artistic works, whatever the form of expression, provided such works are fixed in a tangible or material form† (Copyright, 2002), and with copyright protection, the creator of the original material has the â€Å"ex... ...ilable online: http://www.cable.mediapiracy/hawkins/cablemonthly/2000/7845332.html (accessed October 24, 2002). Gray Zone (2002). The Federal Anti-Piracy and Bootleg FAQ. Available online: http://www.grayzone.com/faqindex.htm (accessed September 26, 2002). Gross, Lynne, and Schafer (1995). The International World of Electronic Media. McGraw-Hill, Inc. Internet News (2000). Artists Against Piracy Launches National Media Campaign. July 11. Available online: http://www.internetnews.com/ec-news/ (accessed October 30, 2002). Newsweek (October 21, 2002). Heard on the Street. Rodmen, George (2001). Making Sense of Media: An Introduction to Mass Communication. Needham Heights, Ma: Alyn & Bacon. What is Copyright Protection? (2002). What is Copyright Protection? Available online: http://www.whatiscopyright.org/copyright.html (accessed October 31, 2002).

Othello: A Man of Love and Passion Essay

In this age of epic, fantasy, scientific fictions and other creative stories, people are sometimes bound to forget the best things found in the past, the origin of everything that we are enjoying now. One of the best examples is the literary masterpieces that can be found way back a long time ago. William Shakespeare’s works are considered one of the best ideas of all time. His works might have been millenniums ago, but are still passed generations to generations due to its all time effect and appeal to all the people at any age. Some of his famous works are the forbidden love of Romeo and Julie, the power of Macbeth, and of course, the Othello. Othello is a story that revolves about how love can grow deadly and fierce. Indeed, love is a precious thing that is sometimes shadowed by jealousy and betrayal. Racism is also tackled on the story, the story has shown a how a simple skin color can widely affect one’s whole life. The story circulated on the life of the major character Othello, he is greatly described nowadays this way: A noble â€Å"Moor†, in the service of the Venetian State, Othello is introduced to us in the very first scene by the term â€Å"Moor†, when Iago complains that Othello has made Cassio his lieutenant and not him. We also learn from Iago that Othello has a relationship with the fair Desdemona. Respected by the Duke of Venice, who is the first to address him by Gulin 2 name (Othello in Act I, Scene III) and who sends for him when Cypress is threatened by Turkish forces, Othello is continuously described by his critics (Brabantio, Iago) as a â€Å"Moor† a reference to his dark skinned appearance and a reference to the race of Muslim peoples of north-western Africa to which Othello belongs. Othello to sum it all up is a simple African prince who lives together with his family on Europe. On his stay on the premises of Europe, he had become a Venetian military with the rank as general. Being a soldier, he got to help other people in need, thus, making him more a bit more knowledgeable than other people with regards to women. In the middle of the story, Othello and Desdemona, the daughter of Barbatio, will eventually be married with each other. Othello can best symbolize men who are undergoing discrimination in the society just because their skin color is darker than other people, a fact they would have never meant to be. But indeed, despite of all this betrayals that succumbs his whole personality and lies of the people around him, he still manage to show his wife Desdemona his unconditional and true over just like any other man unto his wife. The story Othello is now known to be the mother of all modern drama due to its mass appeal and timely story. Works Cited http://absoluteshakespeare.com/guides/othello/othello.htm plot summary of Othello

Online vs Traditional Education

There are options to those who chose to further their education, traditional and online education. Traditional education  gives students the tools to succeed in a more competitive environment, while online education  allows the student to learn at their own pace. Traditional education require students to be in classes on a schedule at a specify time and date. Online education gave students the convenience of accessing the classroom from the privacy of their home. Both type of education gives you the required degree to make progress in life.When people think of non-traditional they might think of unaccredited college or university, but that’s not what non- traditional is. Online students are considered non-traditional students because they get to do work from the comforts of their homes. Online education and traditional education are different approaches to a higher education. Online college requires students to learn time management with their education. Students have a gr eater responsibility because they have to manage their time wisely. Most students that do online education do it because they have jobs or a family to take care of.They will have to organize they time between jobs, family, and school. Students that chose the traditional way of education have to be on campus according to schedule. Planning around class schedule will be first option for students on campus especially if they work or have a family. For the most part, they have the advantage of experiencing the opportunity to socialize and work in groups. Even though working in groups at times can be very frustrating because of a group member not doing they part of an assignment.If assignment is not complete as a group then the grade average for the assignment will suffer because of one student not doing their part. Online schooling can be good for young adults and mature adults in many ways. They have a more direct and focused method of learning because the class size is not as large as a traditional school class. Students are able to have a more flexible schedule, because it is the responsibility of them to set a schedule that will work out for them time. Online education gives students that are parents an opportunity to be roll out of bed and not worry about the way you look to get your class work done.With the absence of diversions for online students, they tend to be more focused on the lessons taught and complete the work they are expected to do. Without having to meet the pace of other students, online students are allowed to work at their own pace, which can make students more successful. Online degrees require the same college level work and time commitment as traditional education. Students are exposed to more people from different socio-economic backgrounds. This teaches students how to get along with one another regardless of race or differences; it also can provide a more complete educational experience.Traditional education students will have a more d iverse social group interaction, allowing them to get a better school experience. Attending Traditional school is also a enormous plus for students, because they are more open to gain more college scholarship opportunities than a online schooled student. By being a great sports player, band member, art student, or even entering in numerous contests such as writing funded by the government or even private spectators enhances their chances of being notice is much higher than a online student. Student still take exams, attend classes, and write papers with online education.With online learning there is no teacher to monitor the students, which the students are solely responsible for listening and learning in class. Traditional classes have the teacher/professor in class to teach them. Whether, a student chooses to attend classes in a traditional physical setting, the student will be assigned homework to complete. Online and traditional courses are expected to do a series of reading and writing assignments. Online and traditional classes have due dates for all assignments. If assignments not complete you get points taking from your score.That is why all assignments should be complete on time. Traditional and online classes will require a student to take exams. Exams are used to test student’s retention and understanding of course material. These exams are giving from time to time on common intervals, such as weekly, monthly, or quarterly. All exams are checked by the teachers provided. All exams most be passed with a passing average in order to move on to the following course. If it happens that any exams are failed and class average is below passing average, student will have to repeat that course.Also, students may have the option to take exams online, or be required to visit the campus to complete the exam. Most likely when seeking help with an assignment, traditional and online classes provide teachers/professors that can clarify doubts, and have a disc ussion about a topic if needed. If any assignments are misunderstood the teacher/professor is also there to answer any question or worries students may have. In both the types of classes, students will have teachers available to help in any matte.Instructors make themselves available to students to help them learn the required material on a schedule. Also teachers/professors can be a very good amazing support system. Teachers/professors will be those to push you to strive for better academic work. Whenever any assistance is needed students have the advantage to get in contact with their teacher/professor. An alternative way to get in contact with your teacher is by e-mail or phone if it was provided. Through the years the means of getting an education has slowly changed. Many students today are deciding to do online schooling.Although most people think that traditional education is better, most statistics and facts tend to show that online education is beneficial in more ways. Stude nts will learn and get an education no matter what method they choose online or traditional education. Some may like a more competitive environment, and some may like a laid back environment. The option lies within them to choose what suits them best. With so many advantages and disadvantages between online and traditional education, the option lies within the student. Everyone is destined to be someone in life and it starts by getting an education.

Informative Essay Topics

Informative Essay Topics An informative essay is a specific kind of writing that focuses on giving information that may be interesting and useful for readers. The audience wants to gain priceless knowledge from an informative essay sample. Hence, the student must make a considerable contribution to the development of the main idea. There are many topics and useful tips to start the process. First of all, the chosen subject must be focused and meaningful. Secondly, the key to the creation of a successful essay is personal interest as well as the performer’s desire to share insights. Possible Informative Essay Topics 1. The Opioid Epidemic in Florida In the U.S. media, the information about the opioid epidemic in Florida appears frequently. This topic is interesting to analyze in the social context. For example, a student may explore causes, scopes, and problems effects on society. Besides, the essay should present relevant data and discuss government reactions to the issue. â€Å"Opioid Overdose Deaths and Florida’s Crackdown on Pill Mills† by Kennedy-Hendricks et al. is a valuable source; articles from credible news agencies, such as NPR and others, may be helpful as well. 2. How Deaf People Talk with Emotion Unfortunately, deafness is a serious health disorder that affects the ability to hear any sounds. It can be interesting for people who are working in this area. It is important to include the studies of the psychologists that proved that deaf people express their emotions by gesticulation. The student can mention facial emotion as it is a key element for individuals with such disorders. This source â€Å"The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education† may be extremely helpful. 3. Women’s Rights in Saudi Arabia Women in Saudi Arabia are very limited in their actions. They are forbidden to do the most common things. The reason lies in cultural differences. This topic is interesting because the majority of women from other nations do not have such restrictions. The student may mention the reasons why Arabian women cannot participate in activism, and why they are not allowed to make any decisions without their husbands. Besides, it will be informative to write about reforms that were applied to Saudi Arabia women. The credible source â€Å"Torture, reform and womens rights in Saudi Arabia† by Hana Al-Khamri can be analyzed. 4. Anorexia Nervosa Cases among Young Girls Nowadays, it has become popular to follow the lifestyle of Instagram girls and models who are extremely slim. Anorexia Nervosa is a serious disorder connected with regular eating. This theme must be actual because Anorexia Nervosa is the problem of the modern generation. The student must note the main features of this chronic disorder. The NCBI informs that one teenager had a powerful fear of obesity and becoming fat that she began to suffer from anorexia. The writer can properly describe this case and do thorough research on Anorexia Nervosa by NCBI can be prompt. 5. The Pros and Cons of Teaching Students Three Languages in School Nowadays, the majority of schools have a difficult education system that includes several foreign languages. This topic can help people confirm or even change their opinion regarding the theme. The brain of school student cannot withstand a lot of mental stresses. It means that all moments must be properly analyzed in order not to harm a student. There are many studies about the Multilingual Childrens Association, and Veronica Hunt perfectly describes one of them. 6. Europe Architecture Style European architectural style can be recognized immediately, as it is extremely rational and practical. The studies that analyze this style may bring many positive emotions and aesthetic pleasure. This style was formed by the connection of particular places and time of their building. Also, the European style needs many decorations and the article â€Å"10 Key Architecture Styles And Their Defining Characteristics† can be a perfect source regarding this topic. 7. Is FBI Useful against Criminal Authorities? Of course, the FBI is a powerful organization, and it is useful against criminal authorities. Many people are deeply interested in the process of its work. The student may include many investigations and cases when the FBI successfully solved the crime. However, according to the mass shooting and kills in different corners of the world, it was proved that the FBI is not as influential as it was in the past. Unfortunately, many serious criminal cases were missed, and the FBI announced many false statements. The article â€Å"How the FBI Works† by Ed Grabianowski can be helpful for writing. 8. Diabetes and Its Treatment Diabetes is a common non-infectious chronic disease. The student must tell about the signs of the disease and its stages. For example, in the first stages, the patient may not feel serious ailment, except for increased fatigue, dry mouth, increased thirst, and appetite. Diabetes is a disease that requires long and persistent therapy. The student should focus on the techniques that are divided into three groups: taking medication, diet, and changing lifestyle. Ebenezer A. Nyenwe in her article â€Å"Management of Type 2 Diabetes: Evolving Strategies for the Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes† demonstrated priceless knowledge that can be helpful. 9. The Role of Libraries in the Digital Age This era is famous for digital availability. However, the role of libraries must not be neglected because libraries are the history and carry a historical moment. This informative essay topic is interesting and educational because very often, people compare books and online reading. Many years ago, society got intellectual resources from books sitting in libraries. Hence, they must be thankful for the priceless knowledge and places that help society made considerable technological improvements. The role of libraries in the digital age is highly appreciated even though libraries are not in great demand. The website Debating Europe, and the post â€Å"What Is the Role of Libraries in the Digital Age?† can be used during writing. 10. The Significance of Recycling Waste Materials The topic is interesting because the issue of recycling is of global importance. It is necessary to find all the new methods of replenishing or replacing consumed resources in order to preserve the ecological system. Besides, the importance of waste management has both environmental and resource-saving reasons. Many materials in nature are limited, and their time for their completion considerably exceeds the lifetimes of several generations of people. The accumulation of waste pollutes the environment. The website Ecomena can be helpful. 11. Hypnosis and Its Common Use Hypnosis is a temporary state of consciousness characterized by narrowing its volume and sharp focus on the content of suggestion, which is associated with a change in the function of individual control and self-consciousness. The topic is interesting enough as there are many exciting and fantastic information regarding it. The student may describe the state of hypnosis, and when it occurs. The article â€Å"What Is Hypnosis?† by Kendra Cherry may be used during writing. 12. Effective Stress Relief Techniques Oriental practitioners teach: If you want to get rid of sadness, move 27 things in the house. It is believed that it frees space for energy, which can smoothly slide in the right direction. Try this method, and make sure that it helps the brain to switch, get away from problems, and relax. The article â€Å"Best Stress Relievers for All Types of People† by Elizabeth Scott can be helpful as it includes priceless knowledge of the writer. 13. The Christian Attitude Towards Tattoo People need to determine whether they can ask God sincerely, with a clear conscience, to bless and use their actions for their purposes. Nowadays, this topic is widely discussed all over the world. The student may include information about important principles with regard to issues that the Bible does not specifically address. If there is the slightest doubt in human actions, it is better to abandon them in order to be God blessed. The article â€Å"Learn What the Bible Says about Tattoos† by Mary Fairchild brightly describes the main points about Christian attitude towards the tattoo. 14. About Procrastination and How to Overcome It Very often, people postpone important things. Also, they are unable to explain why they are doing this. After that, individuals are tormented by feelings of guilt because of the torn deadlines and the fact that someone has been let down again. The topic can be useful for students because it can improve their productivity. The author of the book â€Å"Beat Procrastination† was convinced of the perfidy of procrastination, comprehensively studied the problem, determined the causes of its occurrence, and suggested several simple and effective ways of dealing with it. 15. Pros and Cons of Gun Control Legislation The majority of the mass shootings in the USA are done with the legally bought weapon. The rate of violence will be increased due to gun control. At the same time, gun control legislation will make people sell the weapon on the black market. This theme can be interesting for many readers because there are many controversial moments. The article â€Å"Pros and Cons of Gun Control Laws in the US† by Paul Goodman can be helpful. 16. The Importance of Business Strategy Business strategy is an essential element of any developing organization. It allows the company to grow economically and concentrate on the real needs of the company. Business strategy is a powerful tool that helps an organization to reach long-term profits. The topic can be interesting as it covers a lot of important business information. The student may be focused on various business strategy, and find the most appropriate for oneself. Mendoza College of Business introduces the importance of a good business strategy for any organization. 17. About the Gaming Industry The gaming industry was actively developing after the technical revolution. The modern generation is interested in this area, and a student may use various resources while writing an essay. The development of computer games has become a whole industry with a lot of directions. Moreover, the number of fans of digital entertainment are millions. Besides, there are numerous competitions in cybersport that are held, and this trend continues to grow. The CEO of Cobx Gaming shared credible information in his article â€Å"The Future of Gaming Industry.† 18. The Role of Formal Education in Building a Successful Career This particular topic is extremely important for understanding among the current generation. Formal education is an essential attribute of a modern individual because it gives significant opportunities for building a successful career. Formal education gives a priceless basis required for future development including professional area. The student may use different studies that proved the importance of formal education. For instance, the article â€Å"Formal Education Is Important† by Ratna Komala Dewi can be helpful. 19. National Parks and Their Importance The majority of people deeply admire the beauty of nature. There are many fantastic National Parks all over the world. The student may describe the rare animals as well as plants that are protected there. Besides, National Parks provide them with complete safety. Both the water and air are absolutely clean there. The NPA website and â€Å"Why Are National Parks Important† post can be used while writing an essay. 20. About Starbucks Coffee Marketing Strategies Starbucks coffee is known all over the world. However, not everyone knows about the structure of this company. Hence, the student may include such information into an essay. Starbucks Company follows a mix of several marketing strategies. Such an approach makes Starbucks extremely successful and profitable. The mix of marketing aspects allows the company to experience the most appropriate managing way. The article â€Å"Marketing Strategy of Starbucks† by Hitesh Bhasin may be applied to this topic. Overall, informative essay educates readers on the described topic. The leading purpose of an informative essay is to present and respond to the main idea of the writing. As a rule, an informative essay can define the suggested term or show the significance of the raised idea. The structure of information essay is traditional; thus, a student should remember about an introduction, thesis, body paragraphs, and conclusion.

Nobel Prize History - How the First Nobel Prizes Were Awarded

Nobel Prize History - How the First Nobel Prizes Were Awarded A pacifist at heart and an inventor by nature, Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel invented dynamite. However, the invention that he thought would end all wars was seen by many others as an extremely deadly product. In 1888, when Alfreds brother Ludvig died, a French newspaper mistakenly ran an obituary for Alfred which called him the merchant of death. Not wanting to go down in history with such a horrible epitaph, Nobel created a will that soon shocked his relatives and established the now famous Nobel Prizes. Who was Alfred Nobel? Why did Nobels will make establishing the prizes so difficult? Alfred Nobel Alfred Nobel was born on October 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1842, when Alfred was nine years old, his mother (Andrietta Ahlsell) and brothers (Robert and Ludvig) moved to St. Petersburg, Russia to join Alfreds father (Immanuel), who had moved there five years earlier. The following year, Alfreds younger brother, Emil, was born. Immanuel Nobel, an architect, builder, and inventor, opened a machine shop in St. Petersburg and was soon very successful with contracts from the Russian government to build defense weapons. Because of his fathers success, Alfred was tutored at home until the age of 16. Yet, many consider Alfred Nobel a mostly self-educated man. Besides being a trained chemist, Alfred was an avid reader of literature and was fluent in English, German, French, Swedish, and Russian. Alfred also spent two years traveling. He spent much of this time working in a laboratory in Paris but also traveled to the United States. Upon his return, Alfred worked in his fathers factory. He worked there until his father went bankrupt in 1859. Alfred soon began experimenting with nitroglycerine, creating his first explosions in early summer 1862. In only a year (October 1863), Alfred received a Swedish patent for his percussion detonator - the Nobel lighter. Having moved back to Sweden to help his father with an invention, Alfred established a small factory at Helenborg near Stockholm to manufacture nitroglycerine. Unfortunately, nitroglycerine is a very difficult and dangerous material to handle. In 1864, Alfreds factory blew up - killing several people, including Alfreds younger brother, Emil. The explosion did not slow down Alfred, and within only a month, he organized other factories to manufacture nitroglycerine. In 1867, Alfred invented a new and safer-to-handle explosive - dynamite. Though Alfred became famous for his invention of dynamite, many people did not intimately know Alfred Nobel. He was a quiet man who did not like a lot of pretense or show. He had very few friends and never married. And though he recognized the destructive power of dynamite, Alfred believed it was a harbinger of peace. Alfred told Bertha von Suttner, an advocate for world peace, My factories may make an end of war sooner than your congresses. The day when two army corps can annihilate each other in one second, all civilized nations, it is to be hoped, will recoil from war and discharge their troops. * Unfortunately, Alfred did not see peace in his time. Alfred Nobel, chemist and inventor, died alone on December 10, 1896, after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage. After several funeral services were held and Alfred Nobels body was cremated, the will was opened. Everyone was shocked. The Will Alfred Nobel had written several wills during his lifetime, but the last one was dated November 27, 1895 - a little over a year before he died. Nobels last will left approximately 94 percent of his worth to the establishment of five prizes (physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace) to those who, during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind. Though Nobel had proposed a very grandiose plan for the prizes in his will, there were a great many problems with the will. Relatives of Alfred Nobel were so shocked that many wanted the will contested.The format of the will had formal defects which could have caused the will to be contested in France.It was unclear which country Alfred had his legal residence. He was a Swedish citizen until age nine, but after that he had lived in Russia, France, and Italy without becoming a citizen. Nobel had been making plans for a final home for himself in Sweden when he died. The location of residency would determine what countrys laws would govern the will and the estate. If determined to be France, the will could have been contested and French taxes would have been taken.Because Nobel had wanted the Norwegian Storting (parliament) to choose the peace prize winner, many charged Nobel with a lack of patriotism.The fund that was to implement the prizes did not yet exist and would have to be created.The organizations that Nobel named in his will to award the prizes had not been asked to take on these duties prior to No bels death. Also, there was no plan to compensate these organizations for their work on the prizes. The will did not state what should be done if no prize winners for a year were found. Because of the incompleteness and other obstacles presented by Alfreds will, it took five years of hurdles before the Nobel Foundation could be established and the first prizes awarded. The First Nobel Prizes On the fifth anniversary of Alfred Nobels death, December 10, 1901, the first set of Nobel Prizes were awarded. Chemistry: Jacobus H. vant HoffPhysics: Wilhelm C. Rà ¶ntgenPhysiology or Medicine: Emil A. von BehringLiterature: Rene F. A. Sully PrudhommePeace: Jean H. Dunant and Frà ©dà ©ric Passy * As quoted in W. Odelberg (ed.), Nobel: The Man His Prizes (New York: American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., 1972) 12. Bibliography Axelrod, Alan and Charles Phillips. What Everyone Should Know About the 20th Century. Holbrook, Massachusetts: Adams Media Corporation, 1998. Odelberg, W. (ed.). Nobel: The Man His Prizes. New York: American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc., 1972. Official Website of the Nobel Foundation. Retrieved April 20, 2000 from the World Wide Web: nobel.se

Research Paper on Children Toys Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Children Toys - Research Paper Example In addition to this the educator also needs to take into deliberation few factors while indulging in toy purchases. The factors in relation to the toys purchased for the children should entail aspects such as cost-effectiveness, ensuring creative prospects for the children along with the safety feature of such toys. While purchasing toys it a vigilant examination of the design of the toys needs to be conducted in order to ascertain the sharp and pointed corners which might harm the children. The children needs to be kept away from materials like knives, blades and other sorts of sharp materials as these might result in creating a sense of violence and power among the children (National Association for the Education of Young Children, â€Å"Good Toys for Young Children by Age and Stage†). There are a numbers of factors which requires to be considered while purchasing toys for the children among which few have been explained below: Children’s’ Age It is quite impor tant that the toys selected for the children must comply with their age and stage. It should also meet the basic safety requirements identified with regard to the children (National Association for the Education of Young Children, â€Å"Good Toys for Young Children by Age and Stage†). ... Safety Aspects Every parent needs to ensure increased cautiousness with regard to the safety needs of their children. Hence, the toys selected for their children must be non toxic in nature, well painted and should be completely non-harmful for the children (National Association for the Education of Young Children, â€Å"Good Toys for Young Children by Age and Stage†). Educational Aspects Toys selected for the children should entail characteristics for the purpose of enhancing and developing skills within the children such as promoting emotional and intellectual characteristics. The toys selected must serve dual functions by helping the children to learn and understand new things and also by serving the purpose of an object to play with thus, providing increased degree of fun to the children (National Association for the Education of Young Children, â€Å"Good Toys for Young Children by Age and Stage†). Part 2 Toys for Six to Twelve Months Old Children Usually the child ren of 6 to 12 months of age slowly move towards comprehending their surroundings. At this stage the babies are learnt to make attempts in order to stand by taking the support of furniture or such other things. For this particular age group toys such as dolls, wooden vehicles, water toys, musical toys and balls are considered to be quite appropriate. Dolls are the image of the human beings which are found to be available in different sizes, shapes and colors. These toys are believed to aid the children in comprehending the diverse form of emotions and along with triggering the development of certain skills. Wooden toys are found to be quite cheaper in comparison to the plastic toys. It also needs to be

The Consumer with Diagnosis of Anorexia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Consumer with Diagnosis of Anorexia - Essay Example 331). Anorexia nervosa involves restricting oneself of food intake and nutrients while anorexia bulimia involves repeated acts of bingeing and purging. Thus, people with the disorder are characterized with either loss of desire to eat or purging behaviors in intent to reduce weight. In the United States, the incidence and prevalence of Americans afflicted with anorexia have risen steadily to 1.2 million individuals and majority of this statistic are adolescents and women (Mehler and Krantz, 2003, p. 331). Anorexia is also common among cancer patients in U.S. with 50% of cancer patients who developed anorexia upon diagnosis and 60%-65% when in the later stage of the disease (Adams et al. 2009, p. 96). The increasing incidence of anorexia for the past decades has been attributed to physiologic, gastrointestinal, metabolic, nutritional, neuronal, endocrine, and societal factors such as emphasis on promoting dieting behaviors and thinness. To study further anorexia, this paper will discu ss the different signs and symptoms of anorexia during a mental status examination, the evidence-based therapeutic interventions, and the potential risks to self and others of unmanaged anorexia. Signs and Symptoms during Mental Status Examination During mental status examination, the consumer with anorexia may present to the emergency department in lethargic state. According to Gurenlian (2002), the dehydration and malnutrition brought by severe dieting may result to headaches, lethargy, and syncope (p. 221). In addition, prolonged protein and electrolyte depletion in the body will lead to weakness, dizziness, and paresthesia. A consumer with anorexia demonstrates behaviors that are profoundly narrow, rigid, and disconnected from reality (Merwin at al. 2011, p. 63). Emotions are suppressed to reduce distress in weight and body image and speech is centered rigidly on verbal guidelines about eating and exercises; thus, becomes preoccupied with weight and body image. Due to emotional suppression, anorexic consumers also have poor self-image and greater rate of suicide attempts (Keifer et al. 2010, p. 304). Thought contents include delusion of seeing oneself as fat, suicidal ideations, and obsessions (Harris, Eberly and Cumella, 2004, p. 24-25). Nutritional and emotional suppression not only account for the delusional thoughts and decreased mental state but also in being less responsive to feedback when learning a task and difficulty in concentrating and making decisions. Evidence-based Therapeutic Interventions Adams et al. (2009) conducted a review of evidence-based interventions to treat and manage anorexia and found out a limited number of empirically-based interventions recommended for management of the disorder (p. 100). Interventions that were reviewed for evidence in the study include dietary interventions and counseling, intake of oral supplements, and use of pharmacologic agents. Based upon the evidences, only two pharmacological interventions are recom mended for treatment of anorexia: these include use of corticosteroids and progestin. Systematic reviews confirmed that corticosteroids stimulate appetite and promote weight gain while progestin not only treat hormone-dependent tumors but has additional effect of increasing body weight and appetite (Adams et al. 2009, p. 98). Dietary interventions and counseling were also found to be effective in reducing incidence of anorexia through improvement in nutritional intake and

Regionlized Endogenous Growth in Est si Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Regionlized Endogenous Growth in Est si - Essay Example Following the pth of tht sin industril forerunner, four "tigers" - the two Jpnese ex-colonies, South Kore nd Tiwn, nd two islnds, Singpore nd Hong Kong, the first city-stte, the other British colony tht will soon revert to Chin - embrked on their own export-led mnufcturing revolution, doubling rel GDP every eight yers during 1950 to 1985 (n eight-fold increse in ll). In the lte 1970s, Chin ccelerted its mssive moderniztion progrm, introduced mrket mechnisms, nd welcomed foreign investment; since the 1980s, it hs been the world's fstest-growing economy, verging lmost 10% yerly in the lst decde nd hlf. Over tht period, three Southest sin countries - Indonesi, Mlysi, nd Thilnd - hve proved tht they, too, cn sustin growth rtes of over seven percent yer, speed tht doubles the size of n economy ech decde. Since the 1980s, these Est sin economies hve been growing three times fster thn the OECD economies, twice s fst s the rest of Est si, three times s fst s Ltin meric nd South si, nd five t imes s fst s sub-Shrn fric. Their export performnce hs been prticulrly impressive, with their shre of world exports of mnufctures shooting up from nine percent in 1965 to 21% in 1990. Those re the indictors behind the phenomenon tht hs vriously been clled "Pcific Shift," the "rise of si," the "Pcific Century," or, s the title of recently published World Bnk study puts it, "The Est sin Mircle." One of the Est sin Mircle hs tken plce under the egis of the Px mericn, which ppered fter WWII. TPx mericn constitutes n economic system of wht my be clled "hegemn-led mcro-clustering". The ltter implies phenomenon in which hegemon economy propgtes growth stimuli to its closely ligned cohort of countries by mens of dissimiltion of technology, knowledge, skills, mrket informtion etc. The rise of the Paz Americana originated from "Yankee ingenuity" in the innovation of interchangeable parts and assembly-line operations, which eventually culminated in the techniques of mass production - and the pattern of mass consumption. Under Px mericn many South Eastern countries received a benefit as their economies significantly improved and were enhanced. Particularly, Japanese automobile industry replaced "just-in-time" parts delivery by "just-in-case" inventory, which relied heavily on a cooperative group of suppliers of parts, components, and accessories. Furthermore, Japanese process fragmentation has become all the more fine-tuned to make use of labour costs and technological capabilities of suppliers at divergent levels of country's industrial hierarchy.In the wake of Japan's rapid catch-up with its current account surplus rising, the Japanese yen became grossly undervalued and soared in market value. As for East Asian countries they benefited a lot from the catch-up economics as well. According to the World Bank (1993), Asian Economies got the fundamentals right by way of: 1) carefully limited and "market-friendly" government activism; 2) strong export orientation; 3) high levels of domestic savings; 4) accumulation of human and physical

Oil And Gas Industry In India Commerce Essay

Oil And Gas Industry In India Commerce Essay The history of oil and gas industry in India started since 1867 from Digboi in the state of Assam. After the independence of the India the oil and gas industry were controlled by the international companies. At that time Indias oil productions were below 250,000 tonnes / annum which were contributed from Assam. At that time some of the oil experts doubted about Indias oil production ability and for the new oil reserves. But Government declared oil industry as a core sector in India under IPR bill in 1954, which helps to change the face of Indian oil industry Indian Government established the Oil Gas Industry in India. All the functions of the oil and gas industries are coming under various public sector organisations which are controlled and authorised by THE MINISTRY OF PETROLEUM NATURAL GAS of India. Structure of Indian Petroleum Industry (IBEF, 2009) Indian Oil and Gas industry holds an important role in Indian economy. It satisfies 42% of primary energy requirements in India and contributes around 15 % to the GDP. With an exciting combination of government and private firms, the industry is fixing their top position in domestic international markets. The report from the Petroleum Planning and Analysis Cell (PPAC) shows that requirement for petroleum products increased by 4.4% to 144.35 million tonnes for the period of the financial year 2010-2011. Presently, Indias petroleum refining capacity is 144.35 million tonnes per annum. It is expected to increase by 240 million tons by Sept 12. Source (CGES, 2012) Indias economy is expected to grow at the rate of 7% per annum over the next five years; it means that demand for energy will also increase. 90% of coal consumption and 75% of gas consumption were met by domestic While Indian domestic oil industry can only covers 22% of oil consumption. This may drop in future years. This shows Indian oil and gas industry should have to depend more in oil imports, which will be 2.4 mbpd Major Players in Industry COMPANY PROFILE Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) and its subsidiaries were consist of roughly 48% of petroleum commodities market share, 71% downstream division pipelines capability and 34% nationalized refining capability in India. Indian Oil Corporation Limited (Indian Mirror, 2012) Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is the leading commercial ISO-9002 certified venture in India and it is the top public sector venture in India, Indian Oil Corporation Limited is the largest company by sales in India with a yield of  $ 85,550 million and profit of $ 825 million for the fiscal year 2011-12.  In IOCL is the first Indian company to reach at the 83rd position in latest Fortune Global 500 listings. Indian oil Corporation is the 20th largest petroleum company in the world. IOCL was established as Indian Oil Company Ltd. in 1959. In 1964 Indian Refineries Ltd. Merged in Indian Oil Company Ltd to form IOCL IOCL is an oil company based in India. Main operations of the company are refineries, marketing, Centre and Business Development, pipelines, enterprise and planning (EP), RD, petrochemicals and natural gas. 10 of Indian refineries and its cross-country crude oil network and gas pipelines are owned and operated by IOCL and its subsidiaries. Portfolio of brands consists of SERVO lubricants, Indane LPG, XTRAMILE diesel XtraPremium petrol and Propel Petrochemicals. Domestic portfolio of IOCL is consists of 13 blocks in its exploration and production, among these two of the blocks Indian Oil as an operator have 100 per cent participation interest. The international portfolio having 9 blocks stretch over Iran, Libya, Nigeria, Gabon, Venezuela Yemen. In the fiscal year of 2011- 12 around 0.62 million tons of crude oil processed from the Digboi Refinery. Market watch 2012 (reuters, 2012) PURPOSE AND ISSUES To analyse the factors that affecting management performance in Indian oil corporation ltd, what are the issues and to what extend it effects in the management performance of Indian oil corporation ltd. RESEARCH QUESTIONS How the HR factors do affects on the management performance and issues in Indian Oil Corporation in India? What are the economic factors influenced on the management performance and issues in Indian Oil Corporation in India? How the competition factors affects on management performance and issues in Indian Oil Corporation in India? How the IT influenced in management performance and issues in Indian Oil Corporation in India? How the customer satisfaction impact on the management performance and issues in Indian Oil Corporation in India? RESEARCH OBJECTIVES To evaluate HR factors that affects in the management performance and issues in Indian oil corporation in India. To examine the economic factors that influenced in the management performance and issues in Indian oil corporation in India. To find out completion affects in the management performance and issues in Indian Oil Corporation in India. To realize the influence of IT in management performance and issues in Indian oil corporation in India To analyses customer satisfaction impact on the management performance and issues in Indian oil corporation in India LITERATURE REVIEW (media.wiley, 2008) HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES AND ISSUES Human resource practices can be says as the management of an organizations human force or work force. HRM is the responsible for managing the employees in the organization. So the HRM has an inevitable roe in the managing performance of an organization. Management functions of HRM are consisting of attracting, selecting, training, evaluating, and rewarding the personnels in the firm. Expected industry growth in oil and gas sector took country to a level of high demand for the skilled labours in the industry, the work-force demand for vital skilled sets all over the oil and gas value chain and the supply of resources in India (Earnest Young, 2010). IOCL sustained its attempts to encourage workforce contribution in diverse actions by idea sharing, proposal scheme, rewards and recognitions, etc. HR Index was designed to assist efficient execution of HR practices and policies. IOCL owns and operates 10 out of 22 Indian refineries with a combined capacity of around 65.7 MMT per annum. IOCL is the largest company in terms of turnover in India. It is the 98th largest public corporation in world and it operates with a strong work force of 34,233. Out of it, 19,382 were workers and about 14,831 were officer cadres. Among the workers, 68 % of the workers have experience of more than 25 years. Most of the employees in IOCL were since its starting period. In this industry, the other companies are also competing with IOCL to attract skilled workers. IOCL has lot of experienced workers so that recruiting fresher through campus interview and other sources and they shaping the personnel through the training. IOCL is a public firm that follows best HR practices, even though they are facing lot of challenges and issues in their HR sector that affects in their management performance as well. HR Issues that Affects Management Performance in IOCL Retirement This is the most important issue that going to face by the IOCL. Due to retirement of labours IOCL will loss roughly 16000 workers in 2021. Most of them were highly skilled and positioned in top authority. By 2021, we will lose half of 34,000 strong employees, Ashok Jambur, chief training manager IOCL. (Nair, 2012). By this issue fifty year old firm forced to depend upon outsourcing to overcome this situation. This will not be an easy task for the management. Company will loss both white as well the blue-collared personals. This will affect both HR and top management sectors this may lead to underperformance management sector. Skills Age Requirements. As per the trend in Indian oil and gas sector, the average age is the main issue that faced by everyone in the sector, especially in Indian Oil Corporation it pretty is high. Not only is the age company asking for but also the experience and skills up to their expectation. Which one is not much easy to find out in this competitive industry? Every company is looking for the best and experienced candidates to strengthen their work force. Here the skills are bigest question mark before the leading public listed firm in India . (Earnest Young, 2010) Attrition It is another unavoidable headache for the HR department and the management. From the recent studies, it estimated as a loss of 7 per cent of current employees in next 5 years. (IndianOil coporation, 2012). The management scared with the attrition from the middle management employees. Who were flying towards the international opportunities. 5% of the highly qualified personals were working for experience only. The management and HR department have to take necessary steps to avoid the loss of their employees. ECONOMIC FACTORS AND ISSUES IOCL, BPL and HP lost around  Rs.138, 800 crore in income from sales of domestic LPG, kerosene and diesel under cost in 2011-12. Revenue loss in this financial year estimated as  Rs.  208,000 crore. Both Indian Oil and Gas sector and economy has a mutual understanding in each other. Indian economy is a changing economy. It is very difficult to predict the Indian economy. IOCL and its subsidiaries have most vital part to play in altering the Indian economy. The economy is affecting by the increase of demand and price of the crude oil. The inflation of the Indian currency is the major issue that affects the entire petroleum industry in India. Indian currency value is changing vastly, is also a burden to the industry. INFLATION IN INDIAN CURRENCY IOCL is the largest firm as per its turnover even-though by the depreciation of Rupee leads the company to a loss, which affects lightly in their performance. Indian market witnessed strong demand growth despite weakening economic activity. Due to the foreign exchange difference the company records a loss of Rs 3,187 crore in last fiscal year. http://www.marketinfoline.com/wp-content/uploads/CRUDE-IMPORT1.png When considering the net crude oil importing in MMT for last 2 years imported crude oil is decreased in 2010-11 than in previous year. But while considering the cost of importing increased by 12% 15% this shows the economic how Indian economy affected the oil and gas industry ECONOMIC CRISIS Global economic situations continued to be pathetic and challenging. This fiscal year saw describing of many new challenges. It reflects in Indian economy indirectly through some other ways. The major challenges were towards the Indian oil and gas industry. Global Economic crisis resulted in the price hike in crude oil market. As India, one of the largest crude oil importing country, it affects India badly especially the IOCL. IOCL records loss of Rs 22,451 crore due to the economic challenges in country as well in globally. The financial crises were a double strike to the Indian Oil Corporation ltd. Crude oil price hike As per IOCL domestic production of crude oil is very low as concerned with the demand in the country. But the demand for oil products increased. And the company has to depend on other sources. By the effect of the economic crisis the price and demand of crude oil increased. These two graphs show the demands and the increase in the crude oil price in India oil markets. This is one of the major challenge that facing by the Indianoil. The trends showing that it will continue its flow of hike. Expected figures will be a nightmare for both IOCL and the Indian economy. Share Market Price Economic crises are usually affecting Share markets. Market fluctuations depend on the global economic factors. IOCL is a largest public firm in India .the majority shares were owned by the president and the rest handled by some bankers and investors. Stock rate This figure shows how the economic issues affect the share market of IOCL from April 2011 to March 2012. BSE and NSE are the two important stock exchanges in India. In both BSE and NSE share price decreased by 15%. These all shows the after effects of financial crises in Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ISSUE Risk management and security strategy involves the detection of threats, susceptibility, anticipation of crisis, reaction towards situations and revival of assets and safety of employees. IT infrastructure in Indian oil corp. was an extremely decentralized mix up of diverse systems. The corporation required to shorten its IT atmosphere and to increase its efficiency. IOCL running with more than 32, 000 employees and16, 000 PCs over various sections consisting of RD, pipelines, refineries and marketing. However, the corporation has a centralized administration over these sections. Mr. R. Krishnamurthy, Chief Manager of IOCL accepting that they had not installed standard IT infrastructure in the firm. Each section had separate set of apps and software to manage its operations. Major IT issues in IOCL Database Management, Identity and Access One of the major challenges is lack on single sign-on. The portable labour force of the IOCL had no system access while on action. Accessing of IT systems is only takes place when the employees are on the work desk. Due to this, the time consuming for the activities and updating of the information about of ongoing activities destruction are some issues faced by IOCL. These issues are reflecting throughout business activities. An efficient database system can generate high assurance atmosphere and protected planning, with safe identity management, remote access network and data security. Secure Communications Systems. Consumers need accurate and safe information that connects the home site with additional companys sites. IOCL should have to increase their efficiency in their communication system. Currently the system is not much efficient and they are following the older versions and system. Therefore, they have to concentrate on the security and effectiveness of the system. Security Risk Management Field actions involve in risk evaluation and development of practical security measurements to moderate risks. These practices necessitate identifying of prospective risks, establishing borders, assessment of effects and method of anticipation and recovery plans for business. Risk management system is an important factor in Oil industry. Hacking, terrorism is the major threats facing by the industry. It is very important to prevent such intervene from the external source. COMPETITION Indian oil industry was monopoly sector till recently owned by the petroleum ministry as various sectors. By the setting up of liberalisation in country, privatisation in the petroleum sector has been implemented. At the beginning the Government had APM (Administered Pricing Mechanism) for pricing the products. Which cause higher pricing than the market determined price have been. This situation made the Government to implement privatization in transportation fuel including HSD (High Speed Diesel). The main competitors to the IOCL are Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd, Bharath Petroleum Corporation Ltd from the public sector and private firms like (RPL), Essar and Reliance Petroleum Ltd. The ministry of petroleum maintain to hold licensing around in an attempt to support exploration process and boost domestic oil production. Company Outlets IOCL 8,100 HPCL 4,899 BPCL 4,861 Reliance 5,849 Essar Oil 1,700 IOCL is the largest public sector in country in basis of its turnover. IOCL has its dominant position in Indian oil industry even though the private companies like Reliance Petroleum, Essar, Shell etc getting stronger in the industry. Now a day market getting competitive more than198os and 1990s. Competition in Exploration Exploration is the primary step in production of oil and gas. Exploration and production of oil and gas is vital for Indias economic growth and energy security. IOCL has been concentrating exploration and production process both inside and outside India in association with syndicate partner.  IOCL is related with 2 flourishing inventions in oil exploration blocks, one each in Iran and India. From the above table it is very clear that the IOCL is facing very tight competition from the private as well as the public firms which are in same industry. Exploration and production of petroleum and gas is the major factor that affects in the economy of the country so the Government is also encouraging the competition in the refining and the production. The main competitors are ONGC and OIL Corporation. ONGC is consisting with the gas production also thats why they having domination position in the exploration sector. IOCL have to develop some e good strategies to attain a good position in this sector. Competition in petrochemicals Petrochemicals govern universal chemical market about share of 40 %. The industry is looking towards the undergoing metamorphosis, in this IOCL have to compete with some of the forign companies as well. Petrochemicals are related to daily life products. In the production of petrochemicals IOCL had a dominant position in the early period of the industry. Now-a-day the dominant position is being challenged by the competitors in the industries. Reliance and Essar also knows their market credibility in the industry so by 2015 the competition for the market production will be strong and huge. It estimated as, by 2011-12 production will decrease in huge by intervene of the competitors. These will keep the management in a critical situation, as per the statistical information they have to the prevention measure for the situations in front of them. Competition in Refining Industry Indian oil industry is consist of 18 refinaries public sector and 3 in private sector,which have the total installed capacity of 127.35 MMTPA (ministry of petroleum, 2011). Out of these 18 refineries 8 belongs to IOCL. By June 2011 as vision to increase the productivity of oil and GDP Government granted three new refineries two of them s in the private sector. This will increase the competition from the private sector. IOCL is the largest refining company in India from its starting. Currently they are in good position comparing to the other public sectors. Their production is high because of the number of refineries. By the new Government policies the competitive market is rising towards the dominant position of IOCL. Private companies like Reliance, Essar showing fast growth in this sector this will be a threat to IOCL in future. CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Competition in Indian oil industry is being increasing so the company should have to take necessary steps to retain their customers. Now in the business customer is the keen factor that is, Customer sat-is- faction. Therefore IOCL have to focus on their customers needs and satisfaction. It is the method of measuring how product and services distributed by a company meets or surpasses his expectation from the current situation the customers in country are not satisfied by the IOCL. IOCL has a good brand position in Indian oil industry thats why lot of customers are choosing IOCL products. But the firm is not much bothered about their customers. There are lot of complaints regarding their distribution, products availability, service quality, customer service one of the major problem faced by the customers are the booking system. The management is utter fail in that system. The management should have to implement innovative systems. By the privatisation the private firms are coming with attractive customer oriented products Reliance and Essar providing good and timely customer service for their consumers now-a-day the trend shows most of the customers are depending private firms by giving preference to the conformability . IOCLs distribution channel controlling is very narrow with limited systems which were not connecting customers with the company. They have to accept some of the new effective systems in the management that giving customer preference. The customer service in IOCL is one of the major drawbacks of the firm. The customer service should have the ability to satisfy the needs of the customers. Customers are not satisfied with the newly implemented e-payment system. It is remaining as burden over the head of management. Increase in the industry also affected the customer attrition and customer reaction. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGN According to (Geoffrey Marczyk, 2005) Research Design is the structure and the plan for investigating and covering the collected, measured and investigated data in a blue print. As per AHM (American Heritage College Dictionary) research is a systematic enquiry or investigative study or to analyse something thoroughly. In most simple words it is the method of finding solutions to problems. (Mackey Gass, 2005) Research onion F:Powerpointpe_ukPE083-SaundersFinal_FilesGifch04C04NF001.gif Source : (Saunders et al., 2006) This is a model of research. In this model collection and study of information are considered as layer of onion each layer shows each stage of studies. EXPLORATORY AND CONCLUSIVE RESEARCH http://dstraub.cis.gsu.edu:88/quant/images/figure3small.gif Source: (Detmar strub, 2010) Exploratory Research: This is a method of research using to evaluate the issues and the possibilities of a firm. Forms of this study are secondary data investigation, experience surveys, Pilot studies, focus groups, and pilot study of case analysis. It is mainly based on qualitative information other than the quantitative factors. This method will be helpful to find out the quantitative information about IOCL and Indian Oil and Gas Industry. Source: (Courses, 2012) Conclusive research If considering a conclusive research on IOCL. To find out the quantitative data we have to apply two different type of conclusive research. Descriptive Research This method have been using widely for the researches to study the current position, evaluate the industry and the competitive nature. (DJS Research, 2011). This method is using to analyse the effect of the Crude oil price of IOCL in Indian oil sector. Causal Research This method used to find the factors that cause another issues for the company. It is the evaluation of cause and effects of factors (MJ Research, 2008). Here In the case of IOCL, competitors plays in the downfall of market share price. SAMPLE DESIGN Taking decision on what type of sample should have to choose for study or survey. Method of planning the steps and the procedure to collect the information from the sample of people that available (OECD, 2006) cost effectiveness reasonable factors thorough study time management SAMPLING METHODS Various methods of samplings are using for research purpose. These methods are using for obtaining a sample from general population and it is vital process to evade bias in selection process. (Cramster, 2012) SAMPLING METHODS PROBABILITY SAMPLING NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING Systematic Sampling Stratified Sampling Multi-stage Sampling Convenience Sampling: Judgement Sampling: Quota Sampling: . (Castillo, 2009) PROBABILITY SAMPLING In this method the researcher can accept a sample from a population of same nature. Its a method of collecting samples from a population having equal chances to be selected. There are three types of probability sampling. NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING: This can be says as collection of samples from a specified category of population. It can be says as taking a sample from workers in the IOCL in India and taking information from them. Sample selection will be a random process and cannot be estimate respondents nature. Essentials in non-probability are chosen arbitrarily and there is no chance to estimate any individual built in the sample. (StatisticsCanada, 2009) Collection of Data It is practice or procedure that uses to collect experimental data. There are lot of methods are using for collecting data. The relevancy of the data decides the method that has to follow. There are lot of collection method, Triangulation method is one among them. http://www.watershedplanning.illinois.edu/images/triangle.gif This method is consisting of three steps they are, Historical Research it includes with secondary data collection. In this step should have to collect all the previous data including qualitative and quantitative data. While considering IOCL, collection of information about domestic production of oil in last 8 years. Key Informants is collecting of primary data consisting of qualitative nature. Collection of information regarding performance of HR in IOCL is involved in this step. Surveys final step of collecting data through surveys from samples, customers workers etc it is also a primary data collection. Collection of information of IOCL by giving questionnaires to customers. This data are consisting of both qualitative and quantitative data. https://koppa.jyu.fi/avoimet/hum/menetelmapolkuja/en/methodmap/data-collection/images/circle_coll.gif (Koppa, 2011) This figure shows the methods and areas of data collection data collection. In this figure it describes about the steps of the collecting data. Types of Data http://www-rohan.sdsu.edu/~renglish/370/notes/chapt08/primary_secondary_data.gif (ROHAN Academic Computing, 2011) COLLECTION METHODS This study is based on the qualitative factors of IOCL India.it is to find out how the issues affecting its management performance? This study is based on the employees survey. It would help to know the management challenges due to the internal and external issues. Methods like focus group interview and pilot studies helped lot to get straight information about IOCL. 3.4 DATA ANALYSIS Data analysis is the process getting collectively quantitative and qualitative data to develop answers to the research questions. (national service resources, 2008) (national service resources, 2008) GANTT CHART